2008-07-02

Logical Fallacies

There are lots of Logical Fallacies 邏輯謬誤, below is just some of the interesting ones that I have ever experienced and met with people who like to use them:

1.  Unrepresentative Sample 絕對概括
  (例:運動是有益的,因此人人應該運動)

2.  Hasty Generalization 輕率概括
  (例:妳不懂法語,我又不懂,因此香港沒人懂法語)

3.  Coincidental Correlation 簡單枚舉
  (例:我們不帶他去野餐,每次帶他去都要下雨)

4.  Paradox 悖論
  (例:如果上帝萬能,他能否造一塊自己都舉不起的石頭)

5.  Appeal to Pity 訴諸憐憫
  (例:一個人求職,不談資歷,只談可憐家境)

6.  Weak Analogy 不當類推
  (例:專業人員工作時可以看參考書,
     為什麼學生在考試卻不可以)

7.  Non Sequitur 前題與事實矛盾
  (例:如果居里夫人沒碰巧發現鐳,
     世人今天便不會知道鐳的存在)

8.  Ad Hominem 以人為據
  (例:兩人在辯論,其中一個一開始就說對方是騙子)


  

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